Germany's High Sea Fleet in the World War - Admiral Reinhard Scheer
Publication Year : 1920
Language : English
Anglo-German naval rivalry before 1914 had been expected to culminate in a cataclysmic fleet action in the North Sea once war was declared, a battle upon which the outcome of the war would depend: yet the two fleets met only once, at Jutland in 1916, and the battle was far from conclusive. In his own account of the war in the North Sea, first published in 1920, Admiral Scheer, the German commander at Jutland, gives his own explanation for the failure of either fleet to achieve the decisive victory expected of it, particularly the failure of his own operation plans that resulted in the battle of Jutland. This book is an invaluable account of one of the most important theaters of the First World War, written by one of its most senior commanders.
The author
Reinhard Scheer, born in September 30, 1863,and died November 26, 1928, was the admiral who commanded the German High Seas Fleet at the Battle of Jutland (1916).
Scheer entered the German navy in 1879 and by 1907 had become the captain of a battleship. He became chief of staff of the High Seas Fleet under Henning von Holtzendorff in 1910 and commander of a battle squadron in 1913. After the outbreak of World War I, he advocated the use of submarines and gained fame as a submarine strategist. He planned subsurface raids off the English coast, using surface units as bait with submarines lying in ambush for any British ships lured into the open sea. Scheer received command of the fleet in January 1916; he hoped to precipitate a strategic division of the British Grand Fleet and catch it at a disadvantage. A combination of both planning and chance resulted in the two fleets converging at the Battle of Jutland (May 31–June 1, 1916), the only major fleet action of World War I. Although the Grand Fleet was not successfully divided and the British outnumbered the Germans, Scheer’s maneuvering ultimately saved the High Seas Fleet. The battle itself proved indecisive.
On Aug. 8, 1918, Scheer succeeded Holtzendorff as chief of the admiralty staff, serving for five months until his retirement.
