Jazzplanet gives you the complete discography Wheather Report mp3 @ 320 Kbps + 9 live shows unofficial
* 1971 - Weather Report
* 1972 - I Sing the Body Electric
* 1972 - Live in Tokyo
* 1973 - Sweetnighter
* 1974 - Mysterious Traveller
* 1975 - Tale Spinnin
* 1976 - Black Market
* 1977 - Heavy Weather
* 1978 - Mr. Gone
* 1979 - 8:30
* 1980 - Night Passage
* 1982 - Weather Report
* 1983 - Procession
* 1984 - Domino Theory
* 1985 - Sportin' Life
* 1986 - This Is This
* 2002 - Live and Unreleased
* 2006 - Forecast - Tomorrow
Album Live shows
(1971-07-27) Live - Ossiach, Austria, July 27, 1971
(1971-09-03) Live - Berlin, Sept 3, 1971
(1971-11) Wien (Vienna, Austria) FM broadcast
(1974-12-08) Solarizations (Live - Dec. 8, 1974)
(1975-05-04) Live - Berkeley Community Theater, May 4, 1975
(1976-05-27) Seattle WA (May 27, 1976)
(1978-09-27) Rockpalast (audio only)
(1986-07-05) Weather Report Update, Hollabrunn, Austria, July 5, 1986
This is an excellent opportunity for you
Weather Report was an influential American jazz band of the 1970s and early 1980s. The band was co-led by the Austrian-born keyboard player Josef "Joe" Zawinul and the
American saxophonist Wayne Shorter (and, initially, by Czech bass player Miroslav Vitouš). Other prominent members at various points in the band’s lifespan included Jaco
Pastorius, Peter Erskine, Alphonso Johnson, Airto Moreira and Chester Thompson.
Alongside Chick Corea's Return to Forever, Herbie Hancock’s Headhunters, The Mahavishnu Orchestra, the Pat Metheny Group and the early 1970s Miles Davis electric bands,
Weather Report is considered to be one of the pre-eminent jazz fusion bands, although the band members themselves disdained the term. As a continuous working unit, Weather
Report outlasted all of its contemporaries despite frequent changes of personnel, with a career lasting sixteen years between 1970 and 1986.
Musical style
Over a sixteen-year career Weather Report’s music explored various areas, centred on jazz (including both the "free" and "Latin" varieties) but also including various
elements of art music, ethnic music, R&B, funk and rock. While their work was often categorised as "jazz fusion", the band members themselves generally rejected the term.
From the start, Weather Report took the unusual and innovative approach of abandoning the traditional "soloist/accompaniment" demarcation of straight-ahead jazz and instead
featuring opportunities for continuous improvisation by every member of the band. This position remained consistent throughout the life of the band. From the mid-1970s
individual solos became more prominent, but were never allowed to overwhelm the music’s collective approach. Initially, the band's music featured a free, extended
improvisational method (similar to Miles Davis's Bitches Brew-period work), but by the mid-1970s this had moved towards more groove-orientated and pre-structured music (as
epitomised by their hit single "Birdland").
Joe Zawinul's playing style was often dominated by quirky melodic improvisations (simultaneously bebop-, ethnic-, and pop-sounding) combined with sparse but rhythmic big-band
chords or bass lines. Having originally made his name as a pioneering electric piano player, he went on to consistently develop the role of the synthesizer in jazz during his
time with Weather Report. Working with companies such as ARP and Oberheim, Zawinul developed new ways of voicing and patching electronic tones for textures, ensemble roles
(including emulations of traditional band instruments) and soloing. In Weather Report, he often employed a vocoder as well as pre-recorded sounds played (i.e., filtered and
transposed) through a synthesizer, creating a very distinctive, often beautiful, synthesis of jazz harmonics and "noise" (which he referred to as "using all the sounds the
world generates"). By the end of Weather Report’s career, Zawinul’s synthesized arrangements entirely dominated the band’s music.
In the beginning let's say Weather Report was a joint thing. Then, after the second album there's no question about it, it became more and more my group. Wayne wanted it like
that, but we were always 'partners in crime.' No Wayne, no Weather Report.
Josef Zawinul on his gradual takeover of Weather Report
Wayne Shorter came to the group with a reputation as a dominant role as an instrumentalist, drawn from both his solo work and his contributions to Miles Davis’ "second great
quintet" during the 1960s. His choice not to follow the same approach with Weather Report led to some criticism of the group. During his time with Weather Report, Shorter was
noted for generally playing saxophone with an economical, "listening" style. Rather than continually taking the lead, he would generally add subtle harmonic, melodic and/or
rhythmic complexity by responding to other member's improvisations (although he could and did sometimes exercise a more frenetic style akin to that of John Coltrane or
Michael Brecker). Playing both tenor and soprano saxophones, Shorter continued to develop the role of the latter instrument in jazz, taking his cue from previous work by
Coltrane, Sidney Bechet, Lucky Thompson and Steve Lacy.
Weather Report maintained a consistent interest in a textured sound and developments in music technology and processing. Both Zawinul and original bassist Miroslav Vitouš
experimented with electronic effects pedals (as generally used by rock guitarists) with Zawinul using them on electric piano and synthesizers and Vitouš on his upright bass
(which he frequently bowed through distortion to create a second horn-like voice). The band’s third bass player, Jaco Pastorius, popularised the use of melodic soloing
fretless bass guitar and string harmonics, as well as consolidating the driving R’n’B pulse in the band’s music which had been brought in by his predecessor Alphonso Johnson.
With the exception of a brief quartet period between 1978 and 1979, Weather Report’s instrumentation always included both a traditional trap set drummer and a second
percussionist. For its first eight years of existence the group had difficulty finding a permanent drummer, moving through an approximate average of one drummer per year
until Jaco Pastorius helped to recruit Peter Erskine in 1978. Erskine and (later on) Omar Hakim were the only Weather Report drummers that played with the band for more than
two years.
History
First phase (from free to funk)
Inception and formation
Joe Zawinul and Wayne Shorter first met and became friends in 1959 while they were playing in Maynard Ferguson's Big Band. Zawinul went on to play with Cannonball Adderley's
group in the 1960s, while Shorter joined Miles Davis's second great quintet. During this decade, both men made names for themselves as being among the best composers in jazz.
Zawinul would later join Shorter in contributing to the initial fusion music recordings of Miles Davis, and both men were part of the studio groups which recorded the key
Davis albums In a Silent Way and Bitches Brew. In consequence, Weather Report has often been seen as a spin-off from the Miles Davis bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s,
although Zawinul was never part of Davis's touring line-up. Weather Report was initially formed in order to explore a more impressionistic and individualistic music (or, as
Zawinul put it, “away from all that eight bars shit and then you go to the bridge…”)
Zawinul and Shorter recruited another Miles Davis associate, the classically-trained Czech-born bass player Miroslav Vitouš, who’d previously played with Zawinul as well as
with Herbie Mann, Miles Davis, Bob Brookmeyer, Stan Getz and Chick Corea (Vitous has subsequently claimed that it was in fact Shorter and himself that founded Weather Report,
with Shorter bringing in Zawinul afterwards.) All three men composed, and would form the core of the project. To complete the band, the trio brought in former McCoy Tyner
drummer Alphonse Mouzon and set about looking for a full-time auxiliary percussionist as they began to record their debut album. The initial recruits were session player Don
Alias and symphony orchestra percussionist Barbara Burton. During recording, Alias quarrelled with Zawinul - allegedly due to the latter being too dictatorial over the
percussion approach - and the innovative Brazilian percussionist Airto Moreira (yet another Miles Davis alumnus) was brought in to complete the record.
The debut album and first concerts
Weather Report's self-titled debut album Weather Report caused a sensation in the jazz world on its arrival, thanks to the pedigree of the group’s members and their
unorthodox approach to their music. The album featured a softer sound than would be the case in later years (predominantly using acoustic bass, with Shorter exclusively
playing soprano saxophone, and with no synthesizers involved) but is still considered a classic of early fusion. It built on the avant-garde experiments which Zawinul and
Shorter had pioneered with Miles Davis on Bitches Brew (including an avoidance of head-and-chorus composition in favour of continuous rhythm and movement) but taking the
music further. To emphasise the group’s rejection of standard methodology, the album opened with the inscrutable avant-garde atmospheric piece “Milky Way” (created by
Shorter’s extremely muted saxophone inducing vibrations in Zawinul’s piano strings while the latter pedalled the instrument). Down Beat described the album as “music beyond
category” (Dan Morgenstern, Down Beat, May 13, 1971) and awarded it Album of the Year in the magazine’s polls that year.
Although Moreira completed the recording of the debut Weather Report album, his existing commitments to Miles Davis meant that he was unable to play live with the group.
Burton performed at Weather Report’s first residency - a week of performances at Paul’s Mall in Boston, prior to the album release - but could not come to business terms with
Zawinul over tour plans. Zawinul subsequently removed both her album credit and that of Alias, leaving Moreira as the only percussionist credited. For the upcoming concerts,
former Brazil '66 member Dom Um Romão was recruited as the group’s new percussionist on Moreira’s own recommendation.
After further gigs in Philadelphia, Weather Report went on to a tour of Europe. Following disagreements on tour, Mouzon was soon replaced by another former McCoy Tyner
drummer, Eric Gravatt.
I Sing The Body Electric
In 1972 Weather Report released its second album, I Sing the Body Electric, a release divided between different aspects of the group. The first side featured new studio
recordings, while the second side was taken from live recordings of a concert in Tokyo, Japan, featuring the full band lineup of Zawinul, Shorter, Vitouš, Gravatt and Um
Romao (and later available in full as the Japan-only double album Live in Tokyo).
The studio side featured compositions which used extended versions of the band including various guest performers, suggesting that Weather Report was not necessarily an
integral jazz band but might possibly work as an expandable project set up to realise the music of its three composers. One track, "The Moors", featured a lengthy
twelve-string guitar intro performed entirely by guitarist Ralph Towner (of Oregon and the Paul Winter Consort). Zawinul’s "Unknown Soldier" featured performances by
jazz/classical trumpet veteran Wilmer Wise and singers Yolande Bavan, Joshie Armstrong and Chapman Roberts (as well as English horn contributed by Andrew White III, a
cross-disciplinary multi-instrumentalist who was not only the oboist for the American Ballet Theatre Orchestra but also played bass guitar for both Stevie Wonder and The
Fifth Dimension) The album also featured Zawinul’s first use of a synthesizer (an instrument with which he would become synonymous within jazz) and of sound effects.
I Sing the Body Electric also showed the first signs of a shift in the balance of control within the band, away from the more collective approach of the debut album. The
following year would see this tendency develop further, primarily at the expense of Miroslav Vitouš.
[edit] Sweetnighter and the move towards funk
On 1973's Sweetnighter, Weather Report began to abandon the primarily-acoustic group improvisation format, and the band started to take a new direction. Primarily at
Zawinul’s instigation, Weather Report became more funk- and groove-oriented, drawing more heavily on R&B influences and dense electric keyboard work while adding more
structure to both the prewritten and the improvisational sections. The last song on the album, Shorter's "Non Stop Home", foreshadowed the band's developing hallmark sound
(which would be even more in evidence on their next album).
[Miroslav] loved funk, and he tried to play it, but he wasn't a funk player. It wasn't where he came from. He didn't connect up with how to go there. He could listen to it,
talk about it, and he admired it, but that's not what came out of him, so that was something that held back where Joe wanted to go at the time I was with them. Melodically
and rhythmically, Miroslav was great; what he did do, in terms of where I was coming from, was very unique. Miroslav was still playing acoustic, and it was an odd kind of a
funk. It was very... interesting!
Weather Report touring drummer Greg Errico on Miroslav Vitouš
The change in approach would affect the band deeply. Playing more repetitive, funky bass vamps did not suit Miroslav Vitouš' particular talents, and Zawinul also judged Eric
Gravatt’s approach to be unsuitable for certain of the new pieces he had written. Andrew White III had returned to play occasional English horn on the album, but Zawinul also
employed him on bass guitar on three tracks in order to get the style of funk playing required. For similar reasons, the studio-based drummer/composer Herschel Dwellingham
played drums on four of the album’s six tracks, replacing Gravatt entirely on three of them: on "Non-Stop Home", Dwellingham and Gravatt played together, with Gravatt the
sole drummer only on "125th Street Congress". (Steve "Muruga" Booker would also contribute percussion to the sessions alongside Dom Um Romao.)
From the jazz side, Eric Gravatt was my favorite of them all.
Josef Zawinul on Weather Report’s drummers
Gravatt took his replacement in the studio sessions badly and quit the band at the end of recording, moving to Minneapolis to join the band Natural Life. Several years after
Weather Report’s final demise, Zawinul would pay tribute to Gravatt’s skills and state that he had been the finest of the band’s "pure jazz" drummers.
With Gravatt gone and Dwellingham unavailable for touring, former Sly & the Family Stone drummer Greg Errico played on the ‘’Sweetnighter’’ tour but did not stay with the
band afterwards.
Split with Miroslav Vitouš, and end of first phase of band activity
By now Zawinul wished to continue further along the road to funk and was at creative loggerheads with Miroslav Vitouš, who preferred Weather Report’s original approach.
Retrospectively, Zawinul would accuse Vitouš of being unable to play funk convincingly (something which Greg Errico would corroborate) and claim that he had not provided
enough music for the band. Vitouš would counter that he had in fact brought in compositions but that Zawinul had been unable to play them. Vitouš has also accused Zawinul of
having been "a first class manipulator" overly interested in commercial success.
When Shorter sided with Zawinul the original three-man partnership broke down acrimoniously and Vitouš left Weather Report. His final contribution to the band was to play
bass on a single track which appeared on the band’s next album Mysterious Traveller ("American Tango", which, ironically, he’d co-written with Zawinul). Vitouš would go on to
an illustrious career as a composer and to lead his own band. He has subsequently accused both Zawinul and Shorter of having used foul play to edge him out of the band, to
deny the scale of his contribution to Weather Report’s history and creative approach, and to cheat him out of remuneration.
Vitouš’ departure marked the end of the first phase of Weather Report and the shift of overall creative dominance of the band to Josef Zawinul, although Shorter remained an
integral, influential and vital part of the project.
Second phase (an earthbound groove)
Arrival of Alphonso Johnson, and Mysterious Traveller
Miroslav Vitouš’ replacement was the Philadelphian electric bass guitarist Alphonso Johnson (formerly a sideman for the smooth-jazz player Chuck Mangione). Recruited by
Shorter, Johnson was a supple player more than capable of providing the funk element which Zawinul desired. He was also an early advocate of the Chapman Stick, which he can
be heard playing on some of the live Weather Report recordings of the period.
Weather Report's breakout album - establishing what would become its hallmark sound - was 1974’s Mysterious Traveller, which also featured the debut of new drummer Ishmail
Wilburn (although on the title track and “Nubian Sundance” his playing was doubled by that of Skip Hadden). The album continued Sweetnighter’s process of reducing the
free-jazz elements of previous albums but also showed a more fully developed compositional technique. Zawinul exploited improvements in synthesizer technology on the
recording and began to add processed sound effects such as cheering crowds (taken from a Rose Bowl football game), child-like cries (Zawinul's own son recorded in their home)
and noises reminiscent of science-fiction aliens. Mysterious Traveller was the second of Weather Report's albums to win Down Beat’s "Album of the Year" award and the first in
their unprecedented run of four such consecutive awards.
According to Zawinul, Wilburn apparently “lost heart” on tour (despite performing well in the studio). To shore up the music the band hired another drummer, Daryl Brown, to
play alongside him. At the end of the tour both Wilburn and Brown left the band (as did Dom Um Romao) and Weather Report was, once again, drummer-less.
Tale Spinnin'
For the next set of studio sessions, Weather Report added a new Brazilian percussionist (Alyrio Lima) and a new drummer - Chuck Bazemore of The Delfonics. Bazemore turned out
to be unsuitable for the band and departed early in the sessions, with none of his recorded contributions being retained. Instead, the band called in the former Herbie
Hancock (and current Santana) drummer Leon "Ndugu" Chancler, who had been working on another project in an adjacent studio. Ndugu recorded with Weather Report for a week and
performed all of the drum tracks for the forthcoming album, Tale Spinnin', but declined to join as a permanent member (opting instead to continue with Santana).
Released in 1975, Tale Spinnin' was Weather Report’s most solid album to date. Ndugu had been well suited to Zawinul’s funk approach and his reliability during the sessions
had made this the first Weather Report album to feature a consistent rhythm section (rather than a varied set of drummers, percussionists and bass players) since their debut.
The album also made further strides in utilizing technological improvements in synthesizers, even making use of the gigantic studio-based TONTO array. Conversely, it also
showcased Wayne Shorter's playing to the extent of containing more saxophone solos than any other Weather Report album in the band’s entire career.
During the same year, Shorter would also record the seminal and well received Latin-jazz Native Dancer under his own name (with the Brazilian composer and vocalist Milton
Nascimento). Zawinul and Shorter’s continued dominance of the American jazz scene was emphasised when Tale Spinnin' won the Down Beat best album award for 1975 (the second
Weather Report album to do so) and Native Dancer was the runner up.
Black Market: departure of Alphonso Johnson and arrival of Jaco Pastorius
By 1976's Black Market album, Weather Report's music had evolved further from open-ended funk jams into more melody-oriented, concise forms, which also offered a greater
mass-market appeal. Zawinul further consolidated his use of keyboard synthesizers while Shorter experimented with an early form of wind synthesizer, the Lyricon. The new
album was also perhaps the most rock-oriented work which the group had produced to date, in part due to Alphonso Johnson recruiting his friend Chester Thompson (a former
Frank Zappa sideman) to play drums.
However, the album was recorded during yet another period of change for the group, with multiple personnel shuffles. Although Alyrio Lima played percussion on one track, he
was replaced during the sessions by Don Alias (his first appearance with the group since the debut album debacle) and by Alex Acuña (a Peruvian drummer and conga player based
in Las Vegas who’d played with Elvis Presley and Ike Turner, among others. Alphonso Johnson was also worn out from the band’s frequent changes of drummer and the strain that
this put on the rhythm section. During a break in activity halfway through the recording of Black Market, Johnson opted to leave Weather Report in order to play with the
Billy Cobham/George Duke Band (which featured a young John Scofield on guitar).
Prior to his departure, Johnson played on all but two of the new album’s tracks. His replacement was Jaco Pastorius, a virtuoso fretless bass guitarist from Florida who had
been in touch with Zawinul for several years, and who came in to play on "Cannon Ball" and his own composition "Barbary Coast". Zawinul and Shorter had assumed that Chester
Thompson would be departing alongside his friend Johnson, and for the second set of sessions they replaced him (on Jaco Pastorius’ recommendation) with the former Mahavishnu
Orchestra drummer Narada Michael Walden. Although Walden played on several album tracks, he ultimately proved unsuitable. Thompson returned for the final Black Market
sessions, but left again after failing to gel as a rhythm section with Pastorius (whose style was much busier than that of Johnson).
Black Market continued Weather Report’s ongoing run of success, selling well and being the third of the band’s albums to win Down Beat's album of the year award. For the
subsequent tour, Alex Acuña moved from percussion to the drumkit, and Don Alias was replaced by the young Puerto Rican percussionist Manolo Badrena, who had previously played
with various Latin rock bands and with Art Blakey. The band made a very well received appearance at the Montreux Jazz Festival, which was filmed for future release.
Third phase (the Jaco Pastorius years)
The Jaco effect, Heavy Weather & "Birdland"
The recruitment of Jaco Pastorius helped to push Weather Report to the height of its popularity. Already a rising star in his own right, he could play lightning-fast groove
lines influenced by rhythm’n’blues or funk, as well as demonstrating an extraordinary solo control of tone and string harmonics, often sounding more like a horn player.
Pastorius was also a multi-instrumentalist (contributing drums, steel pan and mandocello to the latest recording sessions), a gifted composer (eventually responsible for some
signature Weather Report pieces such as "Teen Town" and "Three Views of a Secret"), and a useful production foil for Zawinul due to his knowledge of recording studios and
techniques. Finally, Pastorius’s stagecraft and aggressive showmanship helped the band to bring in a new audience.
The band’s next album was 1977’s acclaimed Heavy Weather, which proved to be the band's most successful recording in terms of sales while still retaining wide critical
acclaim. It contained the band’s biggest hit, the propulsive and danceable "Birdland" (highlighting Pastorius’ singing bass lines and Zawinul’s synthesized ensemble brass)
which became a pop hit and later became a jazz standard.Weather Report appeared on the Burt Sugarman-produced series The Midnight Special, performing both "Birdland" and
"Teen Town". Heavy Weather would dominate Weather Report's disc awards, including their last Down Beat "Album of the Year" award.
During this period, Pastorius’ strong professional connection with Joni Mitchell (for whom he played bass throughout the latter half of the 1970s) led to another musical
connection. Over the next few years, Mitchell would hire the Weather Report line-up en masse (although without Zawinul in each case) to play on her studio albums Don Juan's
Reckless Daughter and Mingus.
Mr. Gone - the studio as palette
By 1978 the band was once again without either a full-time drummer and percussionist, with Alex Acuña having returned to Las Vegas for a career as a studio musician and
Manolo Badrena having been fired for "non-musical reasons." Shorter had been focussing most of his attention and compositional ideas into his solo work; while Zawinul was
sketching out ideas for a solo album of his own which involved moving away from a raw group sound in favour of constructing a far more orchestrated and experimental
studio-based recording with multiple overdubs. However, Weather Report’s contract and work schedule required another album, so Zawinul’s solo work was absorbed into what
became Weather Report’s eighth album, Mr. Gone.
The studio sessions made use of a variety of drummers – Pastorius played the kit on two tracks and further contributions came from Tony Williams, Steve Gadd, and Peter
Erskine (the latter an ex-Stan Kenton/Maynard Ferguson drummer recruited to the project by Pastorius). Erskine would become a full member of the band for the next tour and
would remain with Weather Report until 1982. The album also featured vocal contributions from Deniece Williams and Earth Wind and Fire leader Maurice White.
Notoriously, Mr. Gone received only a 1-star review rating from Down Beat magazine after a string of group releases which had all pulled a 5-star rating. The group arranged
for a rebuttal interview with the magazine to defend their efforts. Zawinul and Pastorius were defiant in their responses to the interviewer, Shorter more philosophical, and
Erskine the most reticent of the four.
Rock star jazz tours
By now Weather Report was a quartet of Zawinul, Shorter, Pastorius and Erskine and (for the first time) had dispensed with the auxiliary percussionist role which had been
integral since the band’s inception. Instead, all four members doubled on percussion at various points in live performances. Zawinul would comment that this sleeker, less
crowded sound provided more listening range and made the music less chaotic now that the band were now focussing more on melody and harmony.
The larger scale and multimedia staging of the band’s tours (complete with multiple stagehands, laser and film projections) began to take on the kind of rock-star proportions
mostly unknown in jazz circles. The 1979 double live album 8:30 (which won that year’s Grammy Award for Best Jazz Fusion Performance) was recorded on the Mr Gone tour and
captured the direct power and energy of this lineup of Weather Report. Zawinul would later describe this lineup as “one of the greatest bands of all time! That band was a
hummer!"
Between March 2–4, 1979, Weather Report travelled to Havana, Cuba in order to participate in the historic Havana Jam festival, a break in mutual Cuban/American political
hostilities which saw American artists such as Stephen Stills, the CBS Jazz All-Stars, Bonnie Bramlett, Kris Kristofferson, Rita Coolidge and Billy Joel play alongside Cuban
artists such as Irakere, Pacho Alonso, Tata Güines and Orquesta Aragón. Another featured performance was by the Trio of Doom (in which Pastorius played alongside John
McLaughlin and Tony Williams). Weather Report’s performance featured in Havana Jam '79, Ernesto Juan Castellanos' documentary celebrating the event.
During the year’s touring, Shorter began to feel sidelined by the current Weather Report’s aggressive drive and the sometimes overly-macho musical interplay between Pastorius
and Zawinul, which on at least one occasion squeezed him out of band performance. At one point, he claimed to a journalist that he would be leaving the band within a few
months. In the event, Shorter resolved his major differences with his bandmates - but the near-split appeared to inform Weather Report’s next development, which was a step
back towards a purer jazz approach.
Night Passage and Weather Report (1982)
At the beginning of 1980, Pastorius recruited hand-drummer Robert Thomas Jr. (a fellow Floridan whom he’d jammed with previously) into the band. Thomas featured on 1980’s
Night Passage album - a tighter and more traditional recording than previous releases, the record featured a more prominent role for Shorter, a strong element of bebop and a
nod to jazz’s golden age via a high-speed cover of Duke Ellington’s "Rockin’ in Rhythm" (showing off Zawinul’s pioneering and ever-increasing ability to create synthetic
big-band sounds on his synthesizers).
By now, Pastorius was displaying signs of the mental instability and substance abuse problems which would ultimately wreck his career, and the close relationship between
Zawinul and himself was becoming strained as Zawinul tired of Pastorius’ showmanship onstage (beginning to feel that it detracted from the music).Towards the end of the year,
Pastorius began working on his long-delayed second solo album (Word of Mouth) in New York, while Zawinul worked on new Weather Report material in California.
Weather Report’s next album Weather Report - their second eponymous release following their 1970 debut - was recorded in 1981, although it was not released for another year.
Zawinul’s dominance as instrumentalist and composer (as well as group director) was even more pronounced on this album. Much of the band’s sound was created by synthesized
orchestration, and the music was increasingly written out rather than improvised. Pastorius was by now thoroughly frustrated with Zawinul’s approach, especially now that the
keyboard player had increasingly taken control of basslines by both writing them out for Pastorius to play from manuscript and by also playing or doubling most of them on his
ARP Quadra synthesizer.
In the event, Pastorius spent more of his creative attention on the Word of Mouth project, with his only writing for the Weather Report album being his contribution to a
single group-composed piece. Shorter (who himself only contributed one whole composition to the 1982 album beyond group-written work) was already taking a more philosophical
approach. He later commented that "for a long time in Weather Report, I abstained. I elected not to do things."
Departure of Pastorius, Erskine & Thomas
The delay in releasing the 1982 Weather Report album had the side effect of breaking up the current line-up of the band. By late 1981 Pastorius was putting together the Word
of Mouth Big Band (which included Erskine) for concert dates in Japan, on the assumption that 1982 would be a Weather Report rest year. However, previously cancelled tour
dates had left the band open to potentially crippling lawsuits and an obligation to play replacement concerts.
When scheduled, these clashed with the Word of Mouth concerts and led to Pastorius leaving Weather Report, albeit relatively amicably. As Zawinul put it "We had no choice. We
had to find another bass player… Basically, Jaco went his way and we had to go ours." Erskine’s own commitment to Word of Mouth (and a subsequent summer commitment to Steps
Ahead) meant that he too had to be replaced, while Robert Thomas Jr. was simply dismissed. Down to a duo and with tour commitments looming, Zawinul and Shorter were obliged
to quickly construct a new band.
Fourth phase (the late bloom)
Recruiting a new band, & Procession
On the recommendation of Michael Urbaniak, Zawinul and Shorter recruited the 23-year-old drummer Omar Hakim, a talented session player and multi-instrumentalist who had
played with a variety of musicians (including Mike Mainieri, David Bowie and Carly Simon) and who was immediately entrusted with recruiting the rest of the new rhythm
section. Having failed to secure Marcus Miller as bass guitarist, Hakim selected Victor Bailey (a recent graduate from the Berklee College of Music whom Hakim had played with
while backing Miriam Makeba). He also recruited percussion/concertina player José Rossy, whom he’d worked with in Labelle.
The new Weather Report went straight onto tour, where they were received well by audiences and critics as a band which had gained in subtlety and integrity whatever they had
sacrificed in power and attack. Zawinul would profess himself to be very pleased with the lineup. The music developed on tour was later recorded for the 1983 album
Procession, which showed the band beginning to make something of a return to the “world music” which it had pioneered in the mid-1970s and featured a cameo appearance from
The Manhattan Transfer The consistent, carnivalesque atmosphere of Procession led it to be praised by Down Beat for its “unity and joy” (John Diliberto, Down Beat, June 1983)
and it has come to be seen as one of the best Weather Report albums.
Domino Theory and Sportin’ Life
Continuing with the same lineup, Weather Report recorded the Domino Theory album in 1984, with Hakim stepping into Jaco Pastorius’ old role as Zawinul’s co-producer. The
album was Weather Report’s first album to employ drum machines and samplers (the Emulator), furthering developing the band’s involvement with technology, and also featured a
guest vocal from Carl Anderson. Critics, however, queried the band’s lack of development or musical innovation, and speculated that this might be connected to a lack of
creative tension and to Zawinul’s now-entirely unchallenged dominance. The band was also beginning to suffer from the revival of more traditionally-styled jazz at the time,
which made it harder to market jazz fusion.
Percussionist and singer Mino Cinélu replaced Rossy in late 1984 and appeared on the band’s video release Live in Japan (reissued on DVD in 2007). The same lineup played on
1985’s Sportin' Life album, which included a cover of Marvin Gaye’s “What’s Going On” and appearances by Bobby McFerrin and Carl Anderson. In keeping with Zawinul's
technological curiosity the album heralded the arrival of MIDI, which entirely suited Zawinul’s compositional and recording methods by allowing him to rapidly and
inexpensively write, demo and record music via a set of synthesizers. Critics noted that Shorter seemed more suited to this album than he had to its predecessor, contributing
more; and the album was praised for its energetic compositions.
By the time of the album’s release, Shorter and Zawinul had opted not to tour the material. Instead, they would take a break for long-delayed solo projects. The principals
claimed that the band was still together (despite Hakim’s involvement with Sting’s band and Bailey’s with Steps Ahead), but it was also notable that Weather Report’s contract
with Columbia Records had just expired, leaving both parties open to other options.
The finale – This is This!
Despite Zawinul and Shorter’s claims, Sportin' Life was in effect the last Weather Report record, as both were finding that the refreshing nature of other projects was more
satisfying and generally felt that the band had run its course. However, it turned out that Columbia Records was contractually owed one more Weather Report record, resulting
in the 1986 creation of This Is This! .
In comparison to previous records, This Is This! was assembled during gaps in various players’ schedules (Zawinul has referred to the album having been put together on
“holiday” time). With Omar Hakim now too busy with Sting to play on more than one of the album’s tracks, Zawinul re-recruited Peter Erskine to play the rest. Cinelu and
Bailey were both flown in for a few days to record: both also contributed one composition each, with the remainder being written by Zawinul.
Significantly, Shorter spent little more time on the project than Bailey or Cinelu, contributed no compositions at all, and was not even present on many of the album’s
tracks: Zawinul attempted to compensate for this by bringing in guitarist Carlos Santana to contribute. On release the album received a disappointing review from the critics
(including several pannings) and bandmembers have subsequently admitted that it was a substandard release.
[edit] Split (and Weather Update)
By February 1986, Weather Report was over, a fact confirmed by a story in the San Diego Union-Tribune announcing that Shorter had left the band to concentrate on solo work.
Having reluctantly agreed with Shorter that he would no longer use the band name, Zawinul attempted to reform the Sportin' Life lineup (minus Shorter but adding guitarist
John Scofield) under the new name Weather Update. In the event, guitarist Steve Khan and former Weather Report percussionist Robert Thomas Jr. replaced Scofield and Cinelu
respectively. Weather Update toured to high expectations but unfavourable critical responses, and Zawinul dissolved the band in 1987. (A Weather Update DVD – Joe Zawinul:
Weather Update - was released in 2005).
[edit] Releases since the band's breakup
A "post band" Weather Report double CD called Live and Unreleased was made available in 2002, featuring vintage live recordings made during the late 1970s/early 1980s with
various personnel. In September 2006 Columbia/Legacy released a Weather Report boxed set, Forecast: Tomorrow. It includes 3 CDs of mostly pre-released material (from
1970–1985, excluding This is This!) and a DVD of the entire September 29, 1978, performance (with Erskine and Pastorius) in Offenbach, Germany, not previously available.
A DVD video of the 1976 Montreux Jazz Festival performance (featuring the Heavy Weather lineup of Pastorius, Acuna, and Badrena) has become available as well. Columbia/Legacy
have also re-released the 1984 Live in Japan concert on DVD.
