MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO (1864-1936) was a Spanish Basque essayist, novelist, poet, playwright, philosopher, and educator who, along with other notable interwar intellectuals (for example, Karl Jaspers, Johan Huizinga, and José Ortega y Gasset), resisted the intrusion of ideology into Western intellectual life.
He was an early existentialist who concerned himself largely with the tension between intellect and emotion, faith and reason. At the heart of his view of life was his personal and passionate longing for immortality. According to Unamuno, man's hunger to live on after death is constantly denied by his reason and can only be satisfied by faith, and the resulting tension results in unceasing agony.
Although he also wrote poetry and plays, Unamuno was most influential as an essayist and novelist. If his vigorous and iconoclastic essays have any common theme, it is that of the need to preserve one's personal integrity in the face of social conformity, fanaticism, and hypocrisy. Unamuno's mature philosophy found its fullest expression in THE TRAGIC SENSE OF LIFE (1913), in which he stressed the vital role spiritual anxiety plays in driving man to live the fullest possible life. This and other themes were explored in THE AGONY OF CHRISTIANITY (1925), his famous and paradoxical confession of faith that bears the burden of so much doubt.
Unamuno's novels are intensely psychological depictions of agonized characters who illustrate and give voice to his own philosophical ideas. ABEL SÁNCHEZ (1917), his most famous novel, is a modern exploration of the biblical story of Cain and Abel, which centres on the painfully conflicting impulses of the character representing Cain. Among his other well-known fictions are MIST (1914), a monument of the philosophical novel and a masterpiece of modern experimental fiction; "Nothing Less Than a Man" (1920; included in THREE EXEMPLARY NOVELS), a typical example of "the tragic sense of life" and of the intensity of which Unamuno was capable; and "Saint Manuel Bueno, Martyr" (1930), the story of a heroic priest who has lost his faith in immortality.
The following books are in ePUB and/or PDF format as indicated:
* Abel Sanchez and Other Stories (Regnery, 1996). A. Kerrigan, trans. -- ePUB
* Agony of Christianity, The (Payson & Clarke, 1928). P. Loving, trans. -- PDF
* Agony of Christianity, The (Ungar, 1960). Kurt Reinhardt, trans. -- PDF
* Mist or Niebla (Guerrero, 2013). Marciano Guerrero, trans. -- ePUB
* Three Exemplary Novels (Grove, 1956). Angel Flores, trans. -- PDF
* Tragic Sense of Life (Barnes & Noble, 2012). S. Schroeder, intro. -- ePUB
* Tragic Sense of Life (Dover, 1954). Flitch, trans. -- ePUB + PDF (Mohamed5438)
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